109年內軌三等消防警察專業英文試題解析
以下是109年內軌三等消防警察試題的英語解析，希望對同學帶來幫助：
一、中譯英：（10 分）
臺北市消防局指出當錢櫃火苗噴發時，防火警報器和自動灑水系統均早已被關掉。這起火災事件應被視為一起嚴重人為疏失的案件。
According to the fire department of Taipei City, when the flames spread in the karaoke, fire detectors and automatic sprinklers systems had been switched off. This fire accident should be considered a severe incident caused by human error.
二、英文作文：（15 分）
今年所爆發的新冠肺炎造成世界許多國家與地區紛紛採取必要的封城措施。如果這種情形發生在臺灣，請依你的消防專業，說明臺灣警消人員在封城後，可以投入的工作事項。作文中除了敘明相關任務和可支援的工作，並請清楚交待執行任務的方法和步驟及人力的布署與配置。
For firefighters, one of their duties is to protect the borders during the pandemic. If there are infected travelers after being screened, it would be the firefighters to quarantine these patients to make sure that they would be properly treated.
First, after the travelers seem to be infected, verbal questioning would be the first step. By inquiring the travelers about some questions, such as their experiences travelling history, occupation, contact history, and clustering, medical staff would know what to do next. To prevent themselves, they should be equipped with the protective outfits against viruses. In the meantime, the health bureau would offer negative pressure isolation room for the patients. Even after the patients are sent to the hospital, the firefighters still have to carry out sterilization of the ambulances, individual equipment against the virus, and so on to make sure the next patient wouldn’t be at risk.
It’s obvious that firefighters may cooperate with emergency medical technicians under a critical circumstance. In the entire process, tight measures against viruses must be carried out before taking care of the physical conditions of infected patients. Once there’s one firefighter who gets infected, the entire staff’s efficiency would be unstable. Therefore, proper deployment of the team members should be operated.
Just like extinguishing the flames, the process of sending patients should be considered a strict operation. Of course, firefighters should also check their own physical conditions, which is also deemed as a responsibility.
41 Fire scenes are ____（D）___and can change in the blink of an eye. When we focus on a task, the big picture at a fire scene can blur.
(A) static (B) exclusive (C) expansive (D) dynamic
火災現場是_______，且一眨眼就有變化。我們專注於任務時，火災現場的大局也會變得朦朧不清。
（A）靜態的 （B）獨有的 （C）廣闊的 （D）變化多端的
42 ___（C）____is a chemical reaction that occurs when heat, oxygen, and a fuel are combined, producing fire.
(A) Hydration (B) Thermal burn (C) Combustion (D) Arson
_______現象是一種化學反應，若是熱源，氧氣，燃料都結合起來，火焰就產生了。
（A）補水過程 （B）熱燒傷 （C）燃燒 （D）縱火罪
43 Officials will determine the areas to be ____（A）___and escape routes to use for the residents depending upon the fire’s location, behavior, winds, terrain, etc.
(A) evacuated (B) dispatching (C) generated (D) suspending
官員將根據火焰的地點，行為，風力，地形等因素，確定能為居民提供________和逃生的路線。
（A）避難 （B）派遣 （C）產生 （D）停止
44 People can help firefighters by keeping roads clear of ____（B）___, enabling them to move in and out of the area, and thereby doing their job.
(A) corporation (B)congestion (C) conclusion (D) coordination
人們也可幫助消防員解決______問題，再保持道路暢通，他們才能得以進出場地履行職責。
（A）大公司 （B）塞車 （C）結論 （D）調節
45 The department will send a supervisor to visit your ____（D）___to ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions to manage fire hazards within your organization.
(A) substances (B)incidents (C) legislations (D) premises
消防部門將派一名主管拜訪您的________，確保您能在組織內部採取必要的預防措施，管理火災潛在風險。
（A）物質 （B）事件 （C）立法 （D）生產
46 There are many types of fuel, and one of them is solid ___（A）____materials that are not metals, including wood, plastic, trash, cloth, etc.
(A) flammable (B)responsible (C)irreducible (D) permissible
燃料種類很多，其中一項就是固體_______材料，包含木頭，塑膠，垃圾，衣服等等之類，這些都不是金屬。
（A）易燃 （B）負責任的 （C）不可簡化的 （D）准許的
47 State and federal authorities are struggling to ____（A）___the massive blazes, even with firefighting assistance from other countries.
(A) contain (B)declare (C)persist (D) scorch
州級和聯邦政府當局正努力_______大量火焰，甚至有其他國家的消防單位，提供進一步的協助。
（A）遏制 （B）宣佈 （C）允許 （D）燒焦
48 The structural frame was extensively damaged by the fire because the building had no ___（B）___, smoke detection or fire alarm.
(A) cripple (B)sprinkler (C)measure (D) volume
由於這棟建築物沒有_______，煙霧探測器，或者火災警報器，整體的結構框架，已被大火燒成灰燼。
（A）瘸子 （B）灑水器 （C）測量 （D）體積
49 The police have charged at least 5 people with ___（D）___starting bushfires, and have taken legal action against 10 people for fire-related offenses.
(A) exceptionally (B)hydraulically (C)consequently (D) deliberately
針對那些在樹林_______縱火的歹徒，警方已控告了至少五個人，也針對十個人，也就是犯下其他和火災相關罪行的歹徒，進行法律制裁行動。
（A）例外 （B）水力 （C）因此 （D）蓄意
50 Entire towns have been ___（B）___in flames, and residents across several cities have lost their homes.
(A) quenched (B)engulfed (C)recruited (D) witnessed
整個小鎮已被火海________，來自其他好幾個城市的居民已無家可歸。
（A）撲滅 （B）吞沒 （C）招聘 （D）目擊
51 Protective hoods are ___（B）___fabric coverings that protect your ears, neck, and face from exposure to heat, embers, and debris.
(A) self-contained (B)fire-resistant (C)open-circuit (D) air-inflated
面罩，是有______功能的絲織品覆蓋物，可保護你的耳朵，脖子，以及臉部，不至於暴露在高溫，餘燼，殘骸等威脅下。
（A）獨立的 （B）防火的 （C）開路的 （D）充氣的
52 Many departments ____（A）____each firefighter an individual face piece that is not shared with other firefighters.
(A) issue (B)deliver (C)transfer (D) deposit
很多消防局已_______每一位消防員一個個人面罩，且不得和其他消防員共用。
（A）發給 （B）運送 （C）轉移 （D）沉澱
53 Breathing air that has been heated to flame temperatures normally found during a structure fire can seriously damage the ____（D）___.
(A) escape route (B)air cylinder (C)dust explosion (D) respiratory tract
建築物內部的火災時，若人體吸入的空氣，已被火焰加熱，且到了建築物火災期間通常出現的程度的話，就會嚴重損害________。
（A）逃生通道 （B）氣缸 （C）塵埃爆炸 （D）呼吸道
54 The thermal environment will heat the exterior of the PPE (personal protection equipment) resulting in ____（D）___that can cause contact burns.
(A) air drop (B)air pack (C)thermal circulation (D) thermal saturation
高溫環境，將會加熱PPE（個人防護裝置）的外部，將會造成_______現象，足以造成接觸燒傷的後果。
（A）空投 （B）空氣波 （C）熱循環 （D）熱飽和
55 If ventilation and fire attack are ____（B）___, venting over the fire provides the most efficient flow of hot smoke, fire gases, and air.
(A) coordinated (B)compartmentalized (C)conjectured (D) collapsed
如果通風以及烈火侵襲的發生地點已被_______，火源上方的通風，將能排出灼熱煙霧，火災氣體，以及空氣等，且這種效果最佳。
（A）協調 （B）分隔 （C）推測 （D）倒塌
請依下文回答第 56 題至第 60 題：
Stop, drop and roll is a simple fire safety technique taught to children, emergency services personnel and industrial workers as a component of health and safety training. Primarily, it is a method to extinguish a fire on a person’s clothes or hair without, or in addition to, the use of conventional firefighting equipment. In addition to extinguishing the fire, stop, drop and roll is thought to be an effective psychological tool, providing those in a fire situation, particularly children, with a routine that can be focused on in order to avoid panic.
The technique of stop, drop and roll works for the following reasons:
Stop: Running adds oxygen to the fire, or it can be thought of as fanning the flames. Running does not allow for a “smothering” of the fire. It may also prevent bystanders, who may be willing to provide assistance, from smothering the fire with their jackets or other form of clothing, from dowsing the fire with water, or even using a fire extinguisher they might have available.
Drop: By dropping to the prone position (face down) you immediately reduce your body surface area that can receive oxygen. In this position the person should immediately cover their face from the flames to prevent burn injury and the difficult disfiguring effects of burned skin. With the body against the ground, it smothers the fire, by reducing the oxygen that is available for the fire. Further, fire burns upward, and by dropping to the prone position, you retard the fire’s ability to burn upward.
Roll: Because a person’s clothing (fuel source) circumferences their entire body, the roll portion of the technique ensures that all clothing that may be on fire is smothered (depriving it from oxygen) against the ground, and not just the front or abdominal surface of the body of the prone position. The person should continue “rolling” back and forth until the fire is fully extinguished.
Although stop, drop, and roll is a useful technique, some people are skeptical about its true effectiveness. It’s one thing to be so-called “book-smart” about the dos and don’ts of the stop, drop, and roll technique, but it’s another thing to be able to actually perform the technique when your clothes are on fire. You’re feeling the pain of the burn, and you enter panic mode. After all, we have all seen YouTube videos of adults catching fire, and then start running around and flapping their arms in the panic of their situation. With a real and present risk of a child being involved in some type of fire incident, how do we go about trying to teach young children to effectively perform the stop, drop, and roll technique? They may not even really understand what fire is or the danger it presents. They are likely to panic in fear if they catch fire, and their physical capabilities to extinguish themselves may be limited.
停下來打滾是一種簡單的防火安全技巧，作為健康安全訓練的單一項目，教導的對象通常是小孩子，緊急救援機構的人員，以及工廠人員，起初這套滅火方法，在不使用傳統消防裝備之下，可用來撲滅衣服以及頭髮上的火，除了滅火外，停下來打滾已經是有效率的心理工具，對那些受困於火災狀況的人群而言，尤其是孩童，停下來打滾已成為一種有效的方法，若要避免恐慌，這是一種能吸引大家注意的慣例方法。
停下來打滾是很有效的方法，原因如下：
跑步：跑步將增加火焰需要的氧氣，也可理解為煽風點火。跑步的同時要令火焰“窒息”是不可能的，這種方法會阻止其他那些想對你提供幫助的旁觀者，他們可能願意幫你用夾克或其他形式的衣物滅火，甚至是使用他們能獲得的滅火器。
趴下：藉由俯臥的姿勢，你可立即減少能夠吸收氧氣的身體表面積。藉由這種姿勢，患者應立即將臉部覆蓋起來，免於受到火焰侵襲，以防止燒傷還有燒傷之後造成的嚴重毀容效果。將身體靠住向地面就能使氧氣減少，火焰不再接收氧氣。此外，你趴下身體至俯臥的位置，就可延遲火焰向上方燃燒的能力。
翻滾：因為一個人的衣物（燃料源）將整個身體環繞住，這項技術的翻滾部分，能夠保證著火的衣物在地面上，不再接觸氧氣（剝奪氧氣）。而不只是用俯臥姿勢所需的身體前方，或者腹部表面進行這類動作。當事人應持續來回“滾動”，直至火焰完全撲滅為止。
雖說“停下來打滾”，是個有用的技術，有些人依舊對於實際效率感到存疑。關於跑步，趴下，翻滾這些步驟的可行性，“停下來打滾”只不過是那些書呆子提出的知識而已，但是實際上當你衣服著火時，要實際操作這項技術，又是另一回事了。你開始感受到燒灼的痛楚，陷入恐慌狀態。畢竟，我們都在YouTube上面實際見過成人身上著火的影片，他們在此恐慌的情況下四處奔跑，揮舞手臂。如果小孩陷入這類事件，又要將實際存在的風險呈現給他們看的話，我們又要如何教導他們“停下來打滾”的有效策略呢？小孩子實際上連火焰和危險性的本質都不清楚，倘若他們身上著火，十之八九只會恐慌，且依照他們的體能情況，撲滅火源的能力也處處受限。
56 What is NOT true about the technique “stop, drop, and roll”? （B）
(A) It is a useful way to put out a fire when a person’s clothing catches fire.
(B) It is the only method to escape from a fire disaster.
(C)Both adults and children can learn and use this technique to put out a fire.
(D) This technique can help a person cope with a fire emergency better.
關於“停下來打滾”這項技術，以下哪一個選項不正確？
（A）若衣服著火，這是個有用的方法。
（B）要從火災現場逃離的話，這是唯一的方法。
（C）無論是成人還是小孩，都能夠從中學習，運用這套方法撲滅火焰。
（D）要更妥善處理火災緊急事件的話，這項技術可帶來幫助。
57 What is the purpose of the first step of the “stop, drop, and roll” technique? （A）
(A) It restricts further addition of oxygen to the fire.
(B) It prevents the spread of the fire to those standing close to it.
(C)Running from the fire can decrease the chance of being burned.
(D) People can stay calm and try to find a fire extinguisher nearby.
“停下來打滾”的第一個步驟目的是什麼？
（A）可抑制氧氣增加，不再提供氧氣給火焰。
（B）能防止火焰蔓延至身邊緊緊倚著自己的其他人
（C）從火災現場逃離，能減少被燒傷的機會。
（D）人們可保持冷靜，設法在附近找出滅火器。
58 Why should a person put their hands over their face when lowering their body closer to the ground? （C）
(A) To smother remaining flames.
(B) To make breathing easier.
(C) To prevent bad facial burns.
(D) To get ready for the next step.
進行俯臥，身體向地面貼近時，為何必須用手將臉部覆蓋起來？
（A）將殘餘火焰的氧氣隔絕
（B）使得呼吸更容易
（C）防止臉部毀容
（D）準備好下一個步驟
59 According to the passage, what does “book-smart” imply? （C）
(A) We should put into practice what we’ve learned from books.
(B) We need to learn from our mistakes so that we do not repeat them.
(C)What sounds right in theory may not be practical in real life.
(D) It is wise not to believe blindly what is said in a book.
根據本文，“書呆子”強調的論點為以下哪一個選項？
（A）我們從書本收穫知識後，就要貫徹行動。
（B）我們都要從錯誤中學習，避免重蹈覆轍。
（C）理論聽起來很有道理，但在現實中可能不實用。
（D）不信書中不實用的理論，是明智的行為。
60 Which of the following statements about the stop, drop, and roll technique may the writer agree with? （A）
(A) It is a useful technique but younger children may not be able to actually apply it in case of emergency.
(B) Statistics have shown that this technique may lead to worse burns in a state of extreme panic.
(C)More research is needed for knowing how we can best perform this technique and whether we should teach it to children.
(D) Many people don’t realize that this technique is only effective when the fire starts on one’s clothing.
關於“停下來打滾”這項技術，以下哪一個選項是作者有可能同意的論點？
（A）技術很有用，但小孩在緊急狀況之下，沒辦法實際應用出來。
（B）根據統計學，這項技術在極度恐慌之下，會釀成更嚴重的燒傷。
（C）關於實施最佳技術的方法，以及該不該教給小孩等問題，要進一步瞭解的話，就需要更多研究進行佐證。
（D）很多人並不瞭解：這項技術只在衣服剛著火不久的時候，才能發揮該有的效率。